Prey modify their behavior in response to variation in predation risk, and such modifications can affect trophic processes such as disease transmission. However, variation in predation risk is complex, arising from direct risk from the predator itself and indirect risk due to the environment.
Moreover, direct risk typically stems from multiple predators and varies over timescales (e.g., a predator nearby vs. its seasonal activities). We implemented a field-based experiment to disentangle these sources of risk and relate them to antipredator behavior in rodents. We modeled rodent occurrence and activity as a function of short- and long-term risk from a primary predator, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), long-term risk from a second predator, coyotes (Canis latrans), and environmental variables.
We found that long-term red fox activity strongly reduced rodent occurrence and that cues of nearby red fox presence decreased rodent activity by > 50%. In addition, this activity reduction was dynamic in that varied according to the background level of long-term red fox activity. Importantly, rodents did not respond to environmental variables (moonlight, temperature, and habitat) or long-term coyote activity.
These results bear upon recent work that suggests predators can alter tick–bornedisease dynamics via induced antipredator behavior of rodents, which are hosts for pathogens and ticks. Specifically, our study corroborates the hypothesis that red foxes act as important proximal agents in regulating tick–bornediseases by reducing rodent activity. More generally, this study highlights the need to consider the dynamic nature of prey antipredator response across landscapes with variable long-term predation risk.
 hsa-miR-651-3p Primers |
|
MPH03431 |
ABM |
150 ul / 10 uM |
EUR 121 |
 hsa-miR-651-5p Primers |
|
MPH03436 |
ABM |
150 ul / 10 uM |
EUR 121 |
 hsa-miR-651 miRNA Inhibitor |
|
MIH03329 |
ABM |
2 x 5.0 nmol |
EUR 176 |
 hsa-miR-651 miRNA Antagomir |
|
MNH03329 |
ABM |
2 x 5.0 nmol |
EUR 329 |
 hsa-miR-651-3p miRNA Inhibitor |
|
MIH03340 |
ABM |
2 x 5.0 nmol |
EUR 176 |
 hsa-miR-651-5p miRNA Inhibitor |
|
MIH03345 |
ABM |
2 x 5.0 nmol |
EUR 176 |
 hsa-miR-651-3p miRNA Antagomir |
|
MNH03340 |
ABM |
2 x 5.0 nmol |
EUR 329 |
 hsa-miR-651-5p miRNA Antagomir |
|
MNH03345 |
ABM |
2 x 5.0 nmol |
EUR 329 |
 Measles Virus Large Polymerase (58-149)) Recombinant (E.Coli) Measles Virus Large Polymerase (58-149) |
|
RP-651 |
Alpha Diagnostics |
100 ug |
EUR 286 |
 Human pre-microRNA Expression Construct Lenti-miR-651 |
|
PMIRH651PA-1 |
SBI |
Bacterial Streak |
EUR 684 |
|
|
 [Fc]) Recombinant ErbB4 Protein (Gln 26-Pro 651) [Fc] |
|
VAng-1514Lsx-100g |
Creative Biolabs |
100 µg |
EUR 765 |
|
Description: Human ErbB4 (Her4), Fc tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: NP_001036064.1) |
Recombinant ErbB4 Protein (Gln 26-Pro 651) [Fc] |
|
VAng-1514Lsx-1mg |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mg |
EUR 4009 |
|
Description: Human ErbB4 (Her4), Fc tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: NP_001036064.1) |
 [His]) Recombinant ErbB4 Protein (Gln 26-Pro 651) [His] |
|
VAng-1515Lsx-100g |
Creative Biolabs |
100 µg |
EUR 820 |
|
Description: Human ErbB4 (Her4), His tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: NP_005226.1) |
Recombinant ErbB4 Protein (Gln 26-Pro 651) [His] |
|
VAng-1515Lsx-1mg |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mg |
EUR 4724 |
|
Description: Human ErbB4 (Her4), His tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: NP_005226.1) |
) Recombinant Haemophilus Influenzae rnfC Protein (aa 1-651) |
|
VAng-Lsx03681-inquire |
Creative Biolabs |
inquire |
Ask for price |
|
Description: Haemophilus Influenzae (strain PittEE) Electron transport complex protein RnfC, recombinant protein. |
 [His]) Recombinant Human ErbB4 Protein (aa 1-651) [His] |
|
VAng-Cr3992-100g |
Creative Biolabs |
100 µg |
EUR 1687 |
|
Description: Recombinant Human ErbB4 Protein (Met 1-Pro 651) fused with a His tag at C-terminus was expressed in HEK293 Cells, with a molecular weight of 97.5 kDa. (Accession ID: NP_001036064.1) |
Recombinant Human ErbB4 Protein (aa 1-651) [His] |
|
VAng-Cr3992-50g |
Creative Biolabs |
50 µg |
EUR 1027 |
|
Description: Recombinant Human ErbB4 Protein (Met 1-Pro 651) fused with a His tag at C-terminus was expressed in HEK293 Cells, with a molecular weight of 97.5 kDa. (Accession ID: NP_001036064.1) |
 [His]) Recombinant Rat ErbB4 Protein (aa 1-651) [His] |
|
VAng-Cr3993-100g |
Creative Biolabs |
100 µg |
EUR 1687 |
|
Description: Recombinant Rat ErbB4 Protein (Met 1-Pro 651) fused with a His tag at C-terminus was expressed in HEK293 Cells, with a molecular weight of 71.3 kDa. (Accession ID: AAQ77349.1) |
Recombinant Rat ErbB4 Protein (aa 1-651) [His] |
|
VAng-Cr3993-50g |
Creative Biolabs |
50 µg |
EUR 1027 |
|
Description: Recombinant Rat ErbB4 Protein (Met 1-Pro 651) fused with a His tag at C-terminus was expressed in HEK293 Cells, with a molecular weight of 71.3 kDa. (Accession ID: AAQ77349.1) |
 [Fc]) Recombinant Rat ErbB4 Protein (aa 1-651) [Fc] |
|
VAng-Cr3996-100g |
Creative Biolabs |
100 µg |
EUR 1687 |
|
Description: Recombinant Rat ErbB4 Protein (Met1-Pro651) fused with a Fc tag at C-terminus was expressed in HEK293 Cells, with a molecular weight of 96.9 kDa. (Accession ID: AAQ77349.1) |
Recombinant Rat ErbB4 Protein (aa 1-651) [Fc] |
|
VAng-Cr3996-50g |
Creative Biolabs |
50 µg |
EUR 1027 |
|
Description: Recombinant Rat ErbB4 Protein (Met1-Pro651) fused with a Fc tag at C-terminus was expressed in HEK293 Cells, with a molecular weight of 96.9 kDa. (Accession ID: AAQ77349.1) |
) Recombinant Yersinia Enterocolitica Invasin Protein (aa 651-835) |
|
VAng-Wyb1574-10g |
Creative Biolabs |
10 µg |
EUR 600 |
|
Description: Yersinia Enterocolitica Invasin, recombinant protein. |
) Recombinant Yersinia Enterocolitica rppH Protein (aa 1-651) |
|
VAng-Wyb1796-1mgEcoli |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mg (E. coli) |
EUR 3525 |
|
Description: Yersinia Enterocolitica serotype O:8 / biotype 1B (strain 8081) RNA pyrophosphohydrolase, recombinant protein. |
Recombinant Yersinia Enterocolitica rppH Protein (aa 1-651) |
|
VAng-Wyb1796-500gEcoli |
Creative Biolabs |
500 µg (E. coli) |
EUR 2548 |
|
Description: Yersinia Enterocolitica serotype O:8 / biotype 1B (strain 8081) RNA pyrophosphohydrolase, recombinant protein. |
Recombinant Yersinia Enterocolitica rppH Protein (aa 1-651) |
|
VAng-Wyb1796-50gEcoli |
Creative Biolabs |
50 µg (E. coli) |
EUR 1630 |
|
Description: Yersinia Enterocolitica serotype O:8 / biotype 1B (strain 8081) RNA pyrophosphohydrolase, recombinant protein. |
) Recombinant Echinococcus Granulosus GRP78 Protein (aa 21-651) |
|
VAng-Ly4006-inquire |
Creative Biolabs |
inquire |
Ask for price |
|
Description: Echinococcus Granulosus 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), partial, recombination protein. |
) Recombinant Mycobacterium Leprae priA Protein (aa 1-651) |
|
VAng-Yyj2280-inquire |
Creative Biolabs |
inquire |
Ask for price |
|
Description: Mycobacterium Leprae Putative primosomal protein N'(priA), recombinant protein. |
) Recombinant Brucella Abortus kup Protein (aa 1-651) |
|
VAng-Lsx5331-inquire |
Creative Biolabs |
inquire |
Ask for price |
|
Description: Brucella Abortus (strain 2308) Probable potassium transport system protein kup, recombinant protein. |
) Recombinant Brucella Ovis acsA Protein (aa 1-651) |
|
VAng-Lsx5528-inquire |
Creative Biolabs |
inquire |
Ask for price |
|
Description: Brucella Ovis (strain ATCC 25840 / 63/290 / NCTC 10512) Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, recombinant protein. |
) Recombinant Brucella Suis acsA Protein (aa 1-651) |
|
VAng-Lsx5557-inquire |
Creative Biolabs |
inquire |
Ask for price |
|
Description: Brucella Suis (strain ATCC 23445 / NCTC 10510) Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, recombinant protein. |
) Recombinant Mycobacterium Vanbaalenii htpG Protein (aa 1-651) |
|
VAng-Yyj5071-inquire |
Creative Biolabs |
inquire |
Ask for price |
|
Description: Mycobacterium Vanbaalenii (strain DSM 7251 / PYR-1) Chaperone protein htpG (htpG), recombinant protein. |
) Recombinant Mycobacterium Gilvum htpG Protein (aa 1-651) |
|
VAng-Yyj3912-inquire |
Creative Biolabs |
inquire |
Ask for price |
|
Description: Mycobacterium Gilvum (strain PYR-GCK) (Mycobacterium flavescens (strain ATCC 700033 / PYR-GCK)) Chaperone protein htpG (htpG), recombinant protein. |
 (strain 8081)) Recombinant Yersinia Enterocolitica aaeB Protein (aa 1-651) (strain 8081) |
|
VAng-Cr1693-1mgEcoli |
Creative Biolabs |
1 mg (E. coli) |
EUR 6672 |
|
Description: Yersinia Enterocolitica serotype O:8 / biotype 1B (strain 8081) p-hydroxybenzoic acid efflux pump subunit AaeB (aaeB), recombinant protein. |
-SPDB-DM4 ADC) Anti-ACVR2B (Bimagrumab)-SPDB-DM4 ADC |
|
ADC-W-651 |
Creative Biolabs |
1mg |
Ask for price |
|
Description: This ADC product is comprised of an anti-ACVR2B monoclonal antibody conjugated via a SPDB linker to DM4 |
 Anti-Notch1 Purified |
|
11-651-C025 |
ExBio |
0.025 mg |
EUR 99 |
Anti-Notch1 Purified |
|
11-651-C100 |
ExBio |
0.1 mg |
EUR 158 |
 Anti-Notch1 APC |
|
1A-651-C025 |
ExBio |
0.025 mg |
EUR 122 |
Anti-Notch1 APC |
|
1A-651-C100 |
ExBio |
0.1 mg |
EUR 204 |
 Anti-Notch1 PE |
|
1P-651-C025 |
ExBio |
0.025 mg |
EUR 122 |
Anti-Notch1 PE |
|
1P-651-C100 |
ExBio |
0.1 mg |
EUR 204 |
